How much time is needed before or after shabbos to say it is "שכר שבת בהבלעה" (shabbos earnings included with weekday earnings).
Salting a Salad by Itself: Is One Allowed to Salt a Vegetable in One's Hand When Eating It?;
דבר דבר (Dabair Davar): Telling Somebody Else Bad News on Shabbos;